At the measurement point
Current, position and pressure sensors
Current sensors measure bus or phase current, magnetic devices track position, and pressure sensors capture another input. Range, bandwidth and output format must match the point being measured.
Across different boundaries
Isolation and communication interfaces
Digital isolators carry logic across a galvanic barrier; isolated amplifiers carry measurements. CAN, LIN and RS-485 transceivers connect controllers to physical buses. Isolation ratings and bus electrical limits are separate decisions.
Around the switching stage
Gate drive, supply and protection
Gate and motor drivers act on controller commands at the switching stage. Buck, LDO and flyback devices supply controller and driver rails; path-protection ICs handle faults. Match each role to the power stage and its fault response.
